Species Profiles

The canonical profile library

Every species listed anywhere on this site has one complete record here: identification, conservation status with verification dates, population with sources, range, habitat, biology, threats, recovery work, practical actions, and references. 80 species are currently documented.

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Showing 80 of 80 profiles

Critically Endangered (IUCN)

African Forest Elephant

Loxodonta cyclotis

Recognized as a distinct species in 2021 and immediately assessed as Critically Endangered after decades of ivory poaching in Central African forests.

Region:: Central and West African forests
Principal threat:: Ivory poaching

Vulnerable (IUCN) / Threatened (ESA, Florida population)

American Crocodile

Crocodylus acutus

A coastal crocodile of mangrove estuaries whose Florida population recovered enough to be downlisted from endangered to threatened in 2007.

Region:: South Florida, Caribbean, Central and South America
Principal threat:: Coastal development and altered freshwater flow

Critically Endangered (IUCN, subspecies)

Amur Leopard

Panthera pardus orientalis

A cold-adapted leopard of the Russian Far East and northeast China, reduced to a single small population and now slowly increasing under strict protection.

Region:: Russian Far East and northeast China
Principal threat:: Poaching and habitat loss

Endangered (ESA, Gulf of Maine population)

Atlantic Salmon (Gulf of Maine population)

Salmo salar

Once running in every large river in New England, the last wild U.S. Atlantic salmon return to a handful of Maine rivers in the hundreds.

Region:: Maine rivers and the North Atlantic
Principal threat:: Dams blocking access to spawning habitat

Endangered and Threatened by population (ESA)

Atlantic Sturgeon

Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus

An armored fish little changed for over 100 million years, nearly wiped out by the nineteenth-century caviar boom and still blocked from most spawning rivers.

Region:: U.S. Atlantic coast rivers and coastal ocean
Principal threat:: Dams, bycatch, and vessel strikes

Endangered (ESA, subspecies)

Attwater's Prairie-Chicken

Tympanuchus cupido attwateri

A coastal prairie grouse down to a few dozen wild birds, surviving only through annual captive releases on the Texas Gulf Coast.

Region:: Texas Gulf Coast prairie
Principal threat:: Loss of coastal tallgrass prairie

Vulnerable (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Barton Springs Salamander

Eurycea sosorum

A gilled salamander that lives only in the spring outlets at Barton Springs in Austin, Texas, and nowhere else on earth.

Region:: Barton Springs, Austin, Texas
Principal threat:: Urban runoff and reduced spring flow

Near Threatened (IUCN); ESA delisted 2018

Black-capped Vireo

Vireo atricapilla

A small shrubland songbird removed from the U.S. endangered list in 2018 after recovery, and still dependent on active habitat management.

Region:: Texas, Oklahoma, and Mexico
Principal threat:: Shrubland succession and cowbird parasitism

Endangered (IUCN and ESA)

Black-footed Ferret

Mustela nigripes

North America's only native ferret, twice believed extinct, entirely dependent on prairie dog colonies for food and shelter.

Region:: Great Plains of North America
Principal threat:: Loss of prairie dog colonies and sylvatic plague

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

California Condor

Gymnogyps californianus

North America's largest land bird, taken entirely into captivity in 1987 at 27 individuals and returned to the wild since 1992.

Region:: California, Arizona, Utah, and Baja California
Principal threat:: Lead poisoning from spent ammunition

Vulnerable (IUCN)

Chimney Swift

Chaetura pelagica

A bird that gave up hollow trees for masonry chimneys, and is now declining as those chimneys are capped, lined, and demolished.

Region:: Eastern North America, wintering in South America
Principal threat:: Loss of chimney nesting and roosting sites

Critically Endangered (IUCN)

Chinese Pangolin

Manis pentadactyla

A scaled, ant-eating mammal from southern Asia, trafficked in such volume that it has been functionally lost across much of its historic range.

Region:: Southern China, Taiwan, Northeast India, and mainland Southeast Asia
Principal threat:: Poaching and international wildlife trafficking

Vulnerable (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Colorado Pikeminnow

Ptychocheilus lucius

The largest minnow in North America, historically reaching six feet, now confined to remnant reaches of the Colorado River basin.

Region:: Upper Colorado River basin
Principal threat:: Dams, altered flow, and non-native predatory fish

Endangered (ESA)

Comal Springs Riffle Beetle

Heterelmis comalensis

A beetle the size of a grain of rice that lives only where Edwards Aquifer water emerges at two Texas spring systems.

Region:: Comal and San Marcos springs, Texas
Principal threat:: Loss of spring discharge from aquifer pumping and drought

Least Concern (IUCN), with steep documented decline

Common Nighthawk

Chordeiles minor

A bird that nests on bare gravel rooftops in cities and is disappearing as flat roofs are resurfaced with smooth membrane.

Region:: North America, wintering in South America
Principal threat:: Loss of gravel rooftops and insect decline

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Devils Hole Pupfish

Cyprinodon diabolis

The rarest fish in the world, living entirely in one water-filled limestone cavern in the Nevada desert.

Region:: Devils Hole, Nevada
Principal threat:: Groundwater depletion and its tiny single-site range

Vulnerable (IUCN)

Eastern Box Turtle

Terrapene carolina carolina

A long-lived land turtle declining across suburban and rural America through road mortality, habitat fragmentation, and well-meaning removal from the wild.

Region:: Eastern United States
Principal threat:: Road mortality, habitat fragmentation, and collection

Vulnerable (IUCN); ESA listing proposed for the eastern subspecies

Eastern Hellbender

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis

North America's largest salamander, breathing through its skin in fast, clean streams and disappearing as those streams fill with silt.

Region:: Appalachian and Ozark streams
Principal threat:: Sedimentation and degradation of stream habitat

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Threatened (ESA)

Elkhorn Coral

Acropora palmata

Once the dominant reef-building coral of the shallow Caribbean, reduced by disease and bleaching to a fraction of its former cover.

Region:: Caribbean, Florida, and the Bahamas
Principal threat:: Disease and ocean warming

Critically Endangered (IUCN)

European Eel

Anguilla anguilla

A fish that crosses the Atlantic twice in one lifetime, now critically endangered after recruitment collapsed by more than 90 percent.

Region:: Europe, North Africa, and the Sargasso Sea
Principal threat:: Barriers to migration and trafficking of juvenile eels

Endangered (ESA, subspecies)

Florida Panther

Puma concolor coryi

The last breeding puma population in the eastern United States, recovered from near-collapse by a 1995 genetic rescue using Texas cougars.

Region:: South Florida
Principal threat:: Vehicle collisions and habitat loss

Vulnerable (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Fountain Darter

Etheostoma fonticola

A thumb-sized fish living only in the Comal and San Marcos spring systems of central Texas, dependent on constant spring flow.

Region:: Comal and San Marcos springs, Texas
Principal threat:: Loss of spring flow from aquifer pumping and drought

Extinct in the Wild (IUCN)

Franklin Tree

Franklinia alatamaha

A flowering tree extinct in the wild since the early 1800s, surviving only because two botanists collected seed before it disappeared.

Region:: Formerly the Altamaha River, Georgia
Principal threat:: Already extinct in the wild; cultivated plants face disease and narrow genetics

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Franklin's Bumble Bee

Bombus franklini

A bumble bee with one of the smallest known ranges of any bee, not confirmed alive since 2006 despite intensive searching.

Region:: Southern Oregon and northern California
Principal threat:: Disease and an extremely small natural range

Endangered (IUCN and ESA)

Golden-cheeked Warbler

Setophaga chrysoparia

The only bird species that nests exclusively in Texas, building its nest from the bark of mature Ashe juniper.

Region:: Central Texas (breeding); Mexico and Central America (winter)
Principal threat:: Clearing and fragmentation of juniper-oak woodland

Vulnerable (IUCN); Threatened (ESA in part of range)

Gopher Tortoise

Gopherus polyphemus

A keystone burrowing tortoise of southeastern pine uplands whose burrows shelter hundreds of other species.

Region:: Southeastern United States
Principal threat:: Development of sandhill and pine upland habitat

Endangered (IUCN); Threatened or Endangered by population (ESA)

Green Sea Turtle

Chelonia mydas

A large sea turtle that grazes seagrass meadows, protected under the ESA as eleven separate populations with markedly different trajectories.

Region:: Tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide
Principal threat:: Bycatch, nesting beach loss, and fibropapillomatosis

Threatened (ESA)

Haleakalā Silversword

Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. macrocephalum

A silver rosette plant that grows for decades on a Hawaiian volcano, flowers spectacularly once, and dies.

Region:: Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaii
Principal threat:: Climate-driven drying, trampling, and invasive species

Endangered (IUCN and ESA)

Hawaiian Monk Seal

Neomonachus schauinslandi

One of the most endangered seals on earth, found only in Hawaii, and slowly increasing after decades of intensive individual care.

Region:: Hawaiian Archipelago
Principal threat:: Entanglement in marine debris, food limitation, and predation on pups

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Hawksbill Sea Turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

A coral reef turtle hunted for centuries for its patterned shell, sold as tortoiseshell, and still critically endangered worldwide.

Region:: Tropical reefs worldwide
Principal threat:: Shell trade and coral reef loss

Endangered (IUCN and ESA)

Houston Toad

Anaxyrus houstonensis

One of the first animals ever protected under U.S. endangered species law, now found in only a few central Texas counties.

Region:: Southeast-central Texas
Principal threat:: Loss of deep-sand woodland and breeding pools

Critically Endangered (IUCN)

Javan Rhinoceros

Rhinoceros sondaicus

The rarest large mammal on earth, surviving as a single population in one Indonesian national park.

Region:: Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia
Principal threat:: A single tiny population, disease risk, and poaching

Endangered (ESA)

Karner Blue Butterfly

Plebejus melissa samuelis

A small blue butterfly that depends entirely on wild blue lupine growing in fire-maintained pine barrens and oak savanna.

Region:: Great Lakes region and the Northeast
Principal threat:: Loss of wild lupine and fire-dependent savanna

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle

Lepidochelys kempii

The world's smallest and most endangered sea turtle, nesting almost entirely on a short stretch of Gulf coastline in Mexico and Texas.

Region:: Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic
Principal threat:: Bycatch in fishing gear

Near Threatened (IUCN); ESA delisted 2019

Kirtland's Warbler

Setophaga kirtlandii

A jack pine specialist delisted in 2019 after recovery, still dependent on managed young forest and continuous cowbird control.

Region:: Michigan, Wisconsin, Ontario; winters in the Bahamas
Principal threat:: Loss of young jack pine stands and cowbird parasitism

Endangered (IUCN); ESA listing proposed

Little Brown Bat

Myotis lucifugus

Once among the most common bats in North America, reduced by more than 90 percent in the northeast within roughly a decade by a fungal disease.

Region:: North America
Principal threat:: White-nose syndrome

Endangered (IUCN) / Threatened (ESA)

Louisiana Pinesnake

Pituophis ruthveni

One of the rarest snakes in North America, dependent on longleaf pine savanna and the pocket gophers that dig its shelter.

Region:: West-central Louisiana and east Texas
Principal threat:: Loss of longleaf pine savanna and pocket gophers

Least Concern (IUCN), with significant colony-level vulnerability

Mexican Free-tailed Bat

Tadarida brasiliensis

The bat that fills Texas skies at dusk, forming some of the largest gatherings of mammals anywhere on earth — including beneath a bridge in downtown Austin.

Region:: Southern United States, Mexico, and Central and South America
Principal threat:: Roost disturbance, wind turbines, and pesticide exposure

Endangered (ESA, subspecies)

Mexican Gray Wolf

Canis lupus baileyi

The most endangered gray wolf subspecies in North America, restored to Arizona and New Mexico from seven founders.

Region:: Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico
Principal threat:: Illegal killing and low genetic diversity

Endangered (IUCN and ESA)

Mexican Long-nosed Bat

Leptonycteris nivalis

A migratory nectar-feeding bat that pollinates agaves along a corridor from central Mexico to the mountains of west Texas.

Region:: West Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico
Principal threat:: Loss of agave forage and roost disturbance

Endangered (ESA)

Miami Blue Butterfly

Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri

Once common along the entire South Florida coast, now reduced to a few remote islands in the Florida Keys.

Region:: Florida Keys
Principal threat:: Coastal habitat loss, hurricanes, and invasive ants

Vulnerable (IUCN) / Proposed Threatened (ESA)

Monarch Butterfly

Danaus plexippus

A butterfly whose entire eastern population funnels through Texas twice a year on a multi-generation journey between Canada and central Mexico.

Region:: North America, wintering in Mexico and coastal California
Principal threat:: Loss of milkweed and overwintering habitat

Endangered (IUCN)

Mountain Gorilla

Gorilla beringei beringei

One of the few great apes whose numbers are increasing, recovering from near-extinction through decades of protection built around tourism and community partnership.

Region:: Virunga Massif and Bwindi, Central Africa
Principal threat:: Disease transmission, habitat pressure, and regional instability

Endangered (ESA)

Navasota Ladies'-tresses

Spiranthes parksii

A small terrestrial orchid known only from a handful of east-central Texas counties, easy to overlook and easy to lose.

Region:: Post Oak Savannah, east-central Texas
Principal threat:: Habitat conversion, reservoir flooding, and altered hydrology

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

North Atlantic Right Whale

Eubalaena glacialis

A large baleen whale whose entire population is individually catalogued by photograph, and which is dying faster from ship strikes and rope entanglement than it can reproduce.

Region:: U.S. and Canadian Atlantic coast
Principal threat:: Vessel strikes and fishing gear entanglement

Near Threatened (IUCN, species) / Threatened (ESA, subspecies)

Northern Spotted Owl

Strix occidentalis caurina

An old-growth forest owl still declining despite decades of logging restrictions, now displaced by the invading barred owl.

Region:: Pacific Northwest old-growth forest
Principal threat:: Competition from invading barred owls

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Threatened (ESA)

Oceanic Whitetip Shark

Carcharhinus longimanus

Once among the most abundant large animals on earth, this open-ocean shark has declined by an estimated 95 percent or more, largely as fishery bycatch driven by the fin trade.

Region:: Tropical and subtropical open ocean worldwide
Principal threat:: Bycatch in longline and purse seine fisheries and the fin trade

Least Concern (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Ocelot

Leopardus pardalis

Secure across Latin America but nearly gone from the United States, where a few dozen cats survive in south Texas thornscrub.

Region:: South Texas through South America
Principal threat:: Thornscrub loss and road mortality

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Pallid Sturgeon

Scaphirhynchus albus

A Missouri and Mississippi River sturgeon that has largely stopped reproducing in the wild because the rivers no longer flow the way its eggs require.

Region:: Missouri and Mississippi River basins
Principal threat:: River channelization and altered flow

Critically Endangered (IUCN), possibly extinct in the wild

Panamanian Golden Frog

Atelopus zeteki

Panama's national symbol, possibly extinct in the wild since the late 2000s and surviving in a network of captive assurance colonies.

Region:: Central Panama
Principal threat:: Chytrid fungus disease

Near Threatened (IUCN); Endangered and Threatened (ESA by population)

Piping Plover

Charadrius melodus

A small sand-colored shorebird that nests on open beaches and river sandbars and winters heavily on the Texas coast.

Region:: North American beaches, plains rivers, and Gulf Coast
Principal threat:: Beach disturbance and loss of open nesting habitat

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Poweshiek Skipperling

Oarisma poweshiek

A small prairie butterfly that went from locally abundant to a handful of surviving sites in about a decade, for reasons still not fully understood.

Region:: Michigan, Wisconsin, and Manitoba
Principal threat:: Prairie and fen loss, with an unexplained rapid collapse

Least Concern (IUCN), with regional declines

Purple Martin

Progne subis

North America's largest swallow, whose eastern population nests almost entirely in housing provided by people.

Region:: North America, wintering in Brazil
Principal threat:: Nest site competition from introduced starlings and house sparrows

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Red Wolf

Canis rufus

Declared extinct in the wild in 1980 and rebuilt from fourteen founder animals; the only wild population lives in eastern North Carolina.

Region:: Southeastern United States
Principal threat:: Human-caused mortality and coyote hybridization

Near Threatened (IUCN) / Threatened (ESA)

Red-cockaded Woodpecker

Dryobates borealis

The only woodpecker that excavates its nest in living pines, downlisted from endangered to threatened in 2024 after decades of longleaf pine restoration.

Region:: Southeastern United States pine forests
Principal threat:: Loss of old-growth longleaf pine and fire suppression

Threatened (ESA, eastern subspecies)

Regal Fritillary

Argynnis idalia

A large prairie butterfly, once found across the eastern grasslands, now essentially gone east of the Mississippi except for a single military installation.

Region:: Great Plains and remnant eastern prairie
Principal threat:: Tallgrass prairie loss and violet host plant decline

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Rice's Whale

Balaenoptera ricei

A baleen whale recognized as a distinct species only in 2021, found solely in the Gulf of Mexico, with fewer than 100 individuals believed to remain.

Region:: Gulf of Mexico
Principal threat:: Vessel strikes, oil and gas activity, and its extremely small population

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Rio Grande Silvery Minnow

Hybognathus amarus

Once the most abundant fish in the Rio Grande, now restricted to a fraction of the river and dependent on hatchery releases and managed flows.

Region:: Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico
Principal threat:: River drying and flow diversion

Near Threatened (IUCN, species) / Threatened (ESA, subspecies)

Rufa Red Knot

Calidris canutus rufa

A shorebird flying up to 9,000 miles between the Arctic and Tierra del Fuego, dependent on horseshoe crab eggs to refuel.

Region:: Arctic Canada to Tierra del Fuego
Principal threat:: Loss of horseshoe crab eggs at migration stopovers

Near Threatened (IUCN)

Rufous Hummingbird

Selasphorus rufus

A hummingbird weighing about as much as a nickel that migrates from Alaska to Mexico each year, and has lost a large share of its population since the 1970s.

Region:: Western North America and Mexico
Principal threat:: Habitat loss and bloom timing shifts along the migration route

Delisted from the ESA following recovery

Running Buffalo Clover

Trifolium stoloniferum

A clover that evolved alongside bison herds, nearly vanished when they did, and has since recovered enough to be removed from the endangered species list.

Region:: Ohio Valley and central Appalachian states
Principal threat:: Loss of moderate disturbance and competition from invasive plants

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Rusty Patched Bumble Bee

Bombus affinis

The first bumble bee protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, gone from about 87 percent of its historic range in roughly two decades.

Region:: Upper Midwest and northeastern United States
Principal threat:: Disease spillover from commercial bees and pesticides

Endangered (ESA, winter-run population)

Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook Salmon

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

The only salmon run in the world that spawns in summer, cut off from its cold mountain spawning grounds by Shasta Dam.

Region:: Sacramento River, California
Principal threat:: Loss of cold-water spawning habitat above dams

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Smalltooth Sawfish

Pristis pectinata

A shark-like ray with a toothed rostrum, the first marine fish ever listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

Region:: South Florida and the western Atlantic
Principal threat:: Entanglement in fishing nets and mangrove loss

Vulnerable (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Star Cactus

Astrophytum asterias

A spineless, disc-shaped cactus of south Texas thornscrub, reduced to a few sites and heavily targeted by illegal collectors.

Region:: South Texas and northeastern Mexico
Principal threat:: Illegal collection and thornscrub habitat loss

Critically Endangered (IUCN)

Sumatran Orangutan

Pongo abelii

A critically endangered great ape confined to northern Sumatra, losing habitat to oil palm expansion, logging, and road development.

Region:: Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
Principal threat:: Deforestation for oil palm and logging

Critically Endangered (IUCN)

Sunda Pangolin

Manis javanica

A scaled, ant-eating mammal of Southeast Asia driven toward extinction by the most intense illegal wildlife trade of any mammal group.

Region:: Southeast Asia
Principal threat:: Poaching and wildlife trafficking

Vulnerable (IUCN)

Temminck's Ground Pangolin

Smutsia temminckii

Africa's most widespread pangolin, increasingly targeted by international trafficking as Asian pangolin populations collapse.

Region:: Eastern and southern Africa
Principal threat:: Trafficking, electric fencing, and bushmeat hunting

Endangered (ESA) / Endangered (Texas)

Texas Fatmucket

Lampsilis bracteata

A freshwater mussel found only in central Texas rivers, filtering water for decades in one spot and dying when the river stops flowing.

Region:: Colorado and Guadalupe river basins, Texas
Principal threat:: Drought, river drying, and sedimentation

Least Concern (IUCN); Threatened (Texas state listed)

Texas Horned Lizard

Phrynosoma cornutum

The Texas state reptile, once common in yards and schoolyards and now largely gone from the eastern half of the state.

Region:: Texas, the southern plains, and northern Mexico
Principal threat:: Loss of harvester ants to fire ants and pesticides

Endangered (ESA)

Texas Snowbells

Styrax platanifolius ssp. texanus

A flowering shrub clinging to limestone canyon walls in the Texas Hill Country, surviving mainly where livestock and deer cannot reach it.

Region:: Edwards Plateau canyons, Texas
Principal threat:: Browsing by deer and livestock preventing regeneration

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Texas Wild Rice

Zizania texana

An aquatic grass that grows in the wild in exactly one place on earth: the upper two miles of the San Marcos River in Texas.

Region:: Upper San Marcos River, Texas
Principal threat:: Spring flow loss, recreation damage, and invasive plants

Vulnerable (IUCN); ESA listing proposed as Endangered

Tricolored Bat

Perimyotis subflavus

One of the smallest bats in eastern North America, devastated by white-nose syndrome and proposed for federal endangered status.

Region:: Eastern and central North America
Principal threat:: White-nose syndrome

Critically Endangered (IUCN)

Vaquita

Phocoena sinus

The world's most endangered marine mammal, reduced to about ten individuals by gillnets set for a different endangered species.

Region:: Northern Gulf of California, Mexico
Principal threat:: Entanglement in illegal totoaba gillnets

Vulnerable (IUCN)

Venus Flytrap

Dionaea muscipula

The world's most famous carnivorous plant grows wild only within about a 75-mile radius of Wilmington, North Carolina.

Region:: Coastal plain of North and South Carolina
Principal threat:: Habitat loss, fire suppression, and poaching

Vulnerable (IUCN); ESA listing under review

Western Bumble Bee

Bombus occidentalis

Once among the most common bumble bees in the western United States, now largely absent from the Pacific coast portion of its range.

Region:: Western United States and western Canada
Principal threat:: Pathogen spillover and habitat loss

Threatened (ESA)

Western Prairie Fringed Orchid

Platanthera praeclara

A tallgrass prairie orchid pollinated only by night-flying hawkmoths, declining with the prairie it depends on.

Region:: Northern Great Plains and Canada
Principal threat:: Tallgrass prairie conversion and loss of hawkmoth pollinators

Endangered (IUCN) / Threatened (ESA)

Whitebark Pine

Pinus albicaulis

A high-elevation tree that holds mountain snowpack, feeds grizzly bears, and depends on a single bird species to plant its seeds.

Region:: Western North American mountains
Principal threat:: White pine blister rust and mountain pine beetle

Endangered (IUCN and ESA)

Whooping Crane

Grus americana

North America's tallest bird, rebuilt from about 15 birds in the 1940s to a wild flock that migrates 2,500 miles to the Texas coast.

Region:: Canada to the Texas Gulf Coast
Principal threat:: Wetland loss and power line collisions

Critically Endangered (IUCN) / Endangered (ESA)

Winged Mapleleaf

Quadrula fragosa

A freshwater mussel once found across a dozen states, now surviving in a handful of river reaches, principally the St. Croix River on the Minnesota-Wisconsin border.

Region:: Upper Mississippi and Red River basins
Principal threat:: River degradation, sedimentation, and invasive zebra mussels

Profiles are maintained as structured records with verification dates, so statuses, population figures, and sources can be refreshed as conservation science changes. If you can help research or review entries, say so on the Get Involved page.